Celiac Disease Testing: Antibody Blood Tests
Celiac disease is an immune reaction to gluten that damages the small intestine and can interfere with nutrient absorption. Blood tests look for specific antibodies, most commonly tissue transglutaminase (tTG) IgA, and total IgA is often measured as well because IgA deficiency can cause false-negative results. Testing is most accurate while you are still eating gluten, so do not start a gluten-free diet before testing unless a clinician advises it. A small-bowel biopsy may be recommended to confirm the diagnosis.
Key Takeaways
- Celiac disease is an immune reaction to gluten that damages the small intestine.
- Blood tests look for specific antibodies, commonly tissue transglutaminase (tTG) IgA.
- Total IgA is often measured too, because IgA deficiency can cause false-negative results.
- Testing is most accurate while you are still eating gluten; do not start a gluten-free diet first.
- A small-bowel biopsy may be recommended to confirm the diagnosis.
Frequently Asked Questions
What blood test detects celiac disease?
The tTG IgA antibody test is commonly used, often with a total IgA level. Other antibodies may be added depending on the situation.
Do I need to eat gluten before testing?
Yes. For accurate results, continue eating gluten-containing foods until testing is complete, unless a clinician advises otherwise.
Can I order celiac testing directly?
Yes, celiac antibody screening is available through direct-access testing. A clinician should interpret any positive result.
Is a blood test enough to diagnose celiac disease?
Not always. A positive blood test is usually followed by a biopsy of the small intestine to confirm the diagnosis.
Sources
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